41
S
ide-by-side LNG transfer operations started with
Adriatic LNG and the floating storage and regasification unit
(FSRU),
Toscana
, in 2009 and 2013, respectively.
In August 2009, the Adriatic LNG terminal, the first offshore gravity
based structure (GBS) for the offloading, storage and regasification of LNG,
located offshore in the Northern Adriatic Sea, successfully completed its first
offloading operation.
In July 2013, OLT Offshore LNG Toscana’s FSRU was installed 22 km off the
coast between Livorno and Pisa, Italy. Two months later, in September 2013, the first
LNG offloading via ship-to-ship (STS) transfer was completed from the
LNG Leo
carrier.
Ever since, the offloading operations of both the GBS and the FSRU have been
recognised worldwide for their performance, reliability and safety.
Under
Eric Morilhat and Nicolas Duhamel,
FMC Technologies Loading Systems, France,
discuss the importance of customising the design
and operation management programme for different
LNG offloading systems.
Figure 1.
Articulated Tandem Offshore
Loader (ATOL) one-fifth scale model.
control
Under
control
