became clear that a comprehensive study should be made
in order to overcome all of these problems with a new
design.
Single point responsibility
By analysing all of the functions of the pipe supports and
components, as well as the behaviour of the different
materials involved when subjected to temperature changes
from ambient to cryogenic level, Power Piping International
concluded that a ‘one responsibility supplier’ and ‘one
installer’ would be a suitable solution.
This would automatically mean that the cold-shoe
vendor must take total responsibility for the design of steel
and insulation, including structural integrity and thermal
performance. This will result in simple installation, as there
is no requirement for an insulation contractor. However, an
impeccable interface with the line insulation is required;
every pipe support (from a rest to anchor) is the anchoring
point for the line insulation. To achieve this, a vapour
barrier and metallic protection shield are required as a
minimum.
Due to the complexity of all of the variables involved,
verification of the calculation model is required. This means
actual performance testing to verify the theoretical
behaviour in the subject calculation model.
Once Power Piping International completed this design,
it made substantial investments in the production facilities
and in testing of all the products both internally and by
external laboratories, i.e TNO in the Netherlands, and FIW
in Munich, Germany.
Four well proven densities (160 kg/m
3
, 224 kg/m
3
,
320 kg/m
3
and 500 kg/m
3
) were developed for precision
molded polyurethane products with a high density
polyurethane skin in order to be able to cover the full pipe
range from 0.5 to 72 in. dia. pipe, all in 180° half sections.
A support should consist of two full 180° sections in
single and/or multiple layer constructions matching the
line insulation layering. The outer section is covered with
a flexible 100% vapour barrier, which is protected by a
metal protection shield of the same type as used for the
line insulation.
A support is fastened mechanically to the pipe, which
is made possible by a fastening mechanism that
compensates for the shrinking of the pipe, the high
density polyurethane and the movements caused by
temperature differential between the pipe and outside
insulation due to constant changing ambient
temperatures. All of this is done without losing the
integrity and functioning of all of its components.
Conclusion
Cryogenic pipe supports do not simply serve a supporting
function; they are an integral part of the insulation
system. Therefore, it is essential that the interface
between the two is impeccable to achieve an insulation
system that functions correctly.
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