method or EN equivalent must be used to measure each
physical property.
A few physical properties established as requisite by CINI are
independent of temperature (such as closed cell content), and
others are measured at ambient temperatures since they are
simply inapplicable or unmeasurable at -165°C (such as water
absorption). These include:
Density.
Maximum service temperatures.
Closed cell content (presumably does not vary with
temperature).
Chloride content (presumably does not vary with
temperature).
Water absorption – a complex subject since, at LNG
temperatures, water is not absorbed, yet water may
of course be absorbed within insulation at ambient
temperatures and subsequently cooled to cryogenic
temperatures. Presumably CINI has considered this and
established its maximumwater adsorption measured at
ambient temperature.
Water vapour permeability – water vapour permeability at
cryogenic temperatures is similarly problematic.
pH-value – somewhat akin to water adsorption, CINI does
not make it clear why/how the pH of an insulant has an
impact at -165°C. Presumably it does have an impact.
Leachable chloride content.
Dimensional tolerances.
Flame spread index (FSI) – flame spread per ASTM E84; the
maximum FSI value is not set by CINI, but rather by local
codes and the design specification.
CINI exceeds ASTM requirements by dictating that, in
addition to thermal conductivity, the following physical
properties must also be measured at LNG temperatures:
Compressive strength.
Linear thermal expansion coefficient.
Tensile strength.
Tensile E-modulus.
Poisson’s ratio.
Also, importantly in cryogenic applications, increased
contraction stresses can occur in the insulation materials due to
the temperature differentials across the insulant. Such stresses
require an insulant with increased tensile strength, a reduced
tensile modulus, and a reduced linear thermal expansion
coefficient. At service temperatures below -50°C, CINI asserts
that the cryogenic thermal stress resistance (CTSR) factor of, for
instance, PIR insulation foam shall comply in the X, Y and Z
direction with the following relation:
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